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Stem Cells:产毒素干细胞或可彻底摧毁脑部肿瘤细胞

来源:本站 作者:admin 浏览:871 更新时间:2016-09-10
Stem Cells:产毒素干细胞或可彻底摧毁脑部肿瘤细胞

刊登在Stem Cells上的一篇研究论文中,来自麻省总医院的科学家设计了一种新方法,利用干细胞来抵御脑部癌症,研究者表示,将杀灭癌细胞的疱疹病毒装载于干细胞上,或许可以促进干细胞产生并释放杀肿瘤的毒素。这项研究中,研究者揭示了如何利用产毒素干细胞来清除小鼠脑部的癌细胞。

神经学家Khalid Shah说道,杀癌细胞毒素已经成功用于多种血癌的治疗过程中,但是我们并不确定其是否也适合于治疗实体瘤,因为癌症一般并不易靠近,而且毒素常常存在较短的半衰期;很多年前我们发现干细胞可以用于持续运输一些治疗性毒素至大脑肿瘤发挥杀肿瘤效应,如今我们制造了对毒素产生抗性的干细胞以用于制造并释放出杀肿瘤的毒素。

细胞毒素对所有细胞都具是致死的,但是截至到20世纪90年来末期,科学家们就使用特殊的方法来标记毒素以使其携带特殊的表面分子只进入癌细胞中发挥作用,因此从那时起研究者就实现了在不损伤正常细胞的前提下依然可以让毒素进入癌细胞进行摧毁癌细胞的活动。本文研究中研究者表示,对毒素有抗性的干细胞具有额外的一些遗传代码,其可以促进干细胞产生并释放毒素,任何遇见毒素的癌细胞都会被杀灭。

Shah表示,我们利用这些干细胞已经进行对脑癌小鼠进行了临床试验,当切除小鼠脑部肿瘤后将干细胞包裹入胶囊中移植入小鼠的大脑肿瘤切除腔中,结果显示,移植入的干细胞会产生并释放毒素杀灭小鼠脑部残留的癌细胞,增加小鼠的生存期。下一步研究者计划将这种释放毒素的干细胞同一系列不同的干细胞疗法进行结合来增强其对胶质母细胞瘤小鼠模型的作用,研究者预测这些疗法将会在5年之内进入临床阶段。

原文标题:Engineering toxin-resistant therapeutic stem cells to treat brain tumors

原文摘要:Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) potently blocks protein synthesis by catalyzing the inactivation of elongation factor-2 (EF-2), and PE-cytotoxins have been used as anti-tumor agents. However, their effective clinical translation in solid tumors has been confounded by off-target delivery, systemic toxicity and short chemotherapeutic half-life. To overcome these limitations we have created toxin-resistant stem cells by modifying endogenous EF-2, and engineered them to secrete PE-cytotoxins targeting IL13Rα2 and EGFR expressed by many glioblastomas (GBM). Molecular analysis correlated efficacy of PE-targeted cytotoxins with levels of cognate receptor expression, and optical imaging was applied to simultaneously track the kinetics of protein synthesis inhibition and GBM cell viability in vivo. Stem cell-based delivery of IL13-PE in a clinically-relevant GBM resection model led to increased long-term survival of mice compared to IL13-PE protein infusion. Moreover, multiple patient-derived GBM lines responded to treatment, underscoring its clinical relevance. In sum, integrating stem cell-based engineering, multimodal imaging and delivery of PE-cytotoxins in a clinically-relevant GBM model represents a novel strategy and a potential advancement in GBM therapy. Stem Cells 2014

原文地址:http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/stem.1874/abstract;jsessionid=D588D2D0E57A38068EE70F9A98F2DE53.f03t03

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